Medicinal leech - Hirudo Medicinalis

When a leech bites, it releases a potent cocktail of enzymes and bioactive molecules designed to improve circulation and reduce discomfort. Upon biting, the leech’s saliva releases enzymes such as hyaluronidase and collagenase. I found that these enzymes break down the extracellular matrix, opening pathways directly to the tissues and blood vessels. At the same time, histamine-like molecules actively dilate the blood vessels, enhancing blood flow in the treated area. The saliva suppresses the functions of platelets, reduces the activity of kinins, and disrupts the coagulation cascade. This combined action effectively prevents blood clots from forming, ensuring a steady flow of blood. Additionally, the treatment actively suppresses inflammatory responses, which further aids in the healing process. Researchers have also noted the saliva’s analgesic (pain-relieving) and antimicrobial effects, making leech therapy a multi-faceted treatment option.

Hirudo medicinalis

By harnessing these mechanisms, leech therapy improves local circulation, reduces inflammation, and provides significant pain relief. Ongoing research continues to uncover how these bioactive substances work synergistically to enhance the overall therapeutic effect, offering promising insights into their potential applications in modern medicine. Medicinal leeches have three serrated jaws, each equipped with approximately 100 sharp teeth. When they pierce the skin, they inject anticoagulants—most notably hirudin—which prevent blood clotting, allowing the leech to extract blood efficiently. Remarkably, large adult leeches can consume up to ten times their own body weight in a single feeding session.

Пиявочная терапия включает в себя первоначальный укус, во время которого пиявка сосет от пяти до 15 мл крови. Медицинская постановка пиявки длится в течение 20 – 45 минут. В течение периода открепления пиявки место продолжает кровоточить. Терапевтический эффект обусловлен компонентами слюны пиявки; гирудин, белковый антикоагулянт и гистамино подобные вещества, вызывающие вазодилатацию (расширение сосудов).

The Healing Power of Leech Therapy: How Leech Saliva Works

Leech therapy offers fascinating healing benefits, and in this post we have explored how the active compounds in leech saliva work to deliver these effects.