When a leech bites, the saliva releases the enzymes hyaluronidase and collagenase. These elements provide access to tissues and blood vessels; vasodilation occurs under the influence of histamine-like molecules. In addition, platelet function, kinin activity, and the coagulation cascade are inhibited. Inflammatory reactions are also suppressed. In addition, analgesic and antimicrobial effects are observed.
The saliva of a medicinal leech contains a protein molecule called hirudin.
The structure of the protein hirudin, an anticoagulant against leeches. Hirudin prevents blood clotting by inhibiting thrombin.
When a leech bites, its saliva secretes enzymes hyaluronidase and collagenase. These enzymes break down hyaluronic acid and collagen, facilitating access to tissues and blood vessels. Saliva also contains histamine-like molecules, which dilate blood vessels and increase blood flow to the bite site.
Suppression of platelet function and blood clotting
In addition, salivary components inhibit platelet function, kinin activity, and blood clotting. This ensures continuous bleeding, which the leech needs for nutrition.
Leech saliva also has anti-inflammatory properties and reduces swelling and pain at the site of the bite. The analgesic and antimicrobial effects of saliva reduce pain and prevent infection.
These properties make the leech not only an effective parasite, but also a useful tool in medicine. Thus, leeches are used in the treatment of venous diseases and in reconstructive surgery to improve healing and blood flow.
leech saliva secretes the enzymes hyaluronidase and collagenase
