When a leech bites, it releases a potent cocktail of enzymes and bioactive molecules designed to improve circulation and reduce discomfort. Upon biting, the leech’s saliva releases enzymes such as hyaluronidase and collagenase. I found that these enzymes break down the extracellular matrix, opening pathways directly to the tissues and blood vessels.
Hirudo medicinalis
At the same time, histamine-like molecules actively dilate the blood vessels, enhancing blood flow in the treated area. The saliva suppresses the functions of platelets, reduces the activity of kinins, and disrupts the coagulation cascade. This combined action effectively prevents blood clots from forming, ensuring a steady flow of blood.
Additionally, the treatment actively suppresses inflammatory responses, which further aids in the healing process. Researchers have also noted the saliva’s analgesic (pain-relieving) and antimicrobial effects, making leech therapy a multi-faceted treatment option.
By harnessing these mechanisms, leech therapy improves local circulation, reduces inflammation, and provides significant pain relief. Ongoing research continues to uncover how these bioactive substances work synergistically to enhance the overall therapeutic effect, offering promising insights into their potential applications in modern medicine.
Medicinal leeches have three serrated jaws, each equipped with approximately 100 sharp teeth.
When they pierce the skin, they inject anticoagulants—most notably hirudin—which prevent blood clotting, allowing the leech to extract blood efficiently. Remarkably, large adult leeches can consume up to ten times their own body weight in a single feeding session.
Leech Therap Healing Power
Leech therapy begins with an initial bite, during which the leech draws between 5 to 15 ml of blood. A typical medicinal leech application lasts between 20 to 45 minutes. Even after the leech detaches, the bite site may continue to bleed for some time. The therapeutic effects are primarily due to the bioactive substances in leech saliva—most notably hirudin, a protein-based anticoagulant, and histamine-like compounds that promote vasodilation (widening of blood vessels).
How Leech Saliva Works?
Leech therapy offers fascinating healing benefits, and in this post we have explored how the active compounds in leech saliva work to deliver these effects.
Emerging research and clinical applications of leech therapy.
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